The titles in this bibliography provide an introduction to the sub-field of artificial intelligence and legal reasoning. There are three broad themes distinguished in this reading list: cognitive science and legal reasoning, legal reasoning and AI (defeasible, case-based, rule-based approaches), and reasoning with and about AI systems in law. There is a mix of introductory and more advanced texts that should lead the reader into the world of AI and law. The first theme looks at human reasoning from cognitive perspective and investigates whether the specialised reasoning as observed in legal settings has a potential to be computational. The second theme delves deeper in the different approaches to modelling legal reasoning, these include logic-based approaches, argumentation, reasoning by analogy and rule-based reasoning. The third theme provides insights in the current research on AI assisted legal technology and how such technology is used and perceived by legal actors.

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Cognitive Science and Legal Reasoning

Explanation in Artificial Intelligence: Insights from the Social Sciences
There has been a recent resurgence in the area of explainable artificial intelligence as researchers and practitioners seek to make their algorithms more understandable. Much of this research is ...

 
Human Reasoning and Cognitive Science
A new proposal for integrating the employment of formal and empirical methods in the study of human reasoning. In Human Reasoning and Cognitive Science, Keith Stenning and Michiel van Lambalgen—a ...

 
About | HeinOnline
Learn about HeinOnline, a premier online research platform providing access to multidisciplinary current and historical documents.

 
Is legal cognition computational? (When will DeepVehicle replace Judge Hercules?)
Could we insert machine learning into the adjudicative process? This chapter considers the extent of the isomorphism between common law reasoning from prior cases and machine learning reasoning from ...

 
Thinking, Fast and Slow | Daniel Kahneman | Macmillan
Major New York Times bestsellerOver two million copies soldSelected by the New York Times Book Review as one of the ten best books of 2011Selected by The Wal...

 

Legal Reasoning and Artificial Intelligence

A dialectical model of assessing conflicting arguments in legal reasoning
Inspired by legal reasoning, this paper presents a formal framework for assessing conflicting arguments. Its use is illustrated with applications to realistic legal examples, and the potential for ...

 
A Treatise of Legal Philosophy and General Jurisprudence - Volume 1:The Law and The Right, Volume ...
A Treatise of Legal Philosophy and General Jurisprudence is the first-ever multivolume treatment of the issues in legal philosophy and general jurisprudence, from both a theoretical and a historical ...

 
Legal Reasoning and Legal Theory
What makes an argument in a law case good or bad? Can legal decisions be justified by purely rational argument or are they ultimately determined by more subjective influences? These questions are ...

 
The Judicial Application of Law | SpringerLink
This is the English version of Jerzy Wroblewski's major work in Polish, S~dowe Stosowania Prawa (translated in his own preferred terms as 'The Judicial Application of Law'). The ...

 
Practical Reason and Norms
Practical Reason and Norms focuses on three problems: In what way are rules normative, and how do they differ from ordinary reasons? What makes normative systems systematic? What distinguishes legal ...

 
Handbook of Legal Reasoning and Argumentation | SpringerLink
This handbook addresses legal reasoning and argumentation from a logical, philosophical and legal perspective. The main forms of legal reasoning and argumentation are covered in an exhaustive and crit

 
Defeasible Reasoning
What philosophers call defeasible reasoning is roughly the same as nonmonotonic reasoning in AI. Some brief remarks are made about the nature of reasoning and the relationship between work in ...

 
John L. Pollock, ``Defeasible Reasoning with Variable Degrees of Justification&quot - PhilPapers
The question addressed in this paper is how the degree of justification of a belief is determined. A conclusion may be supported by several different arguments, the arguments typically being ...

 
The Three Faces of Defeasibility in the Law
Abstract. In this paper we will analyse the issue of defeasibility in the law, taking into account research carried out in philosophy, artificial intelligence and legal theory. We will adopt a very ...

 
Defeasibility in Legal Reasoning
This paper proposes a logical analysis of defeasibility in legal reasoning.

 
Studies in Legal Logic
Studies in Legal Logic is a collection of nine interrelated papers about the logic, epistemology and ontology of law. All of the papers were written after the publication of the author’s Reasoning ...

 
The Logic of Legal Requirements
When a legal rule requires us to drive on the right, notarize our wills, or refrain from selling bootleg liquor, how are we to describe and understand that requirement? In particular, how does the ...

 
Case-based reasoning and its implications for legal expert systems
Reasoners compare problems to prior cases to draw conclusions about a problem and guide decision making. All Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) employs some methods for generalizing from cases to support ...

 
Reasoning with Rules and Precedents
Few areas of human expertise are so well understood that they can be completely reduced to general principles. Similarly, there are few domains in which experience is so extensive that every new ...

 
Reasoning with Rules | SpringerLink
Rule-applying legal arguments are traditionally treated as a kind of syllogism. Such a treatment overlooks the fact that legal principles and rules are not statements which describe the world, but rat

 

Reasoning with and about Artificial Intelligence Systems in Law

Artificial Intelligence and Legal Analytics
Cambridge Core - Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing - Artificial Intelligence and Legal Analytics

 
Fair prediction with disparate impact: A study of bias in recidivism prediction instruments
Recidivism prediction instruments provide decision makers with an assessment of the likelihood that a criminal defendant will reoffend at a future point in time. While such instruments are gaining ...

 
The Past, Present, and Future of Empirical Legal Scholarship: Judicial Decision Making and the New ...
Over the last century, empirical legal scholarship has joined the ranks of the mainstream within the legal academy. In this article, Professor Heise traces the history of legal empiricism and ...

 
The Future of the Professions
This book predicts the decline of today's professions and describes the people and systems that will replace them. In an Internet society, according to Richard Susskind and Daniel Susskind, we ...

 

The Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence

Mind Design II
Mind design is the endeavor to understand mind (thinking, intellect) in terms of its design (how it is built, how it works). Unlike traditional empirical psychology, it is more oriented toward the ...

 
The Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence
Is `artificial intelligence' a contradiction in terms? Could computers (in principle) model every aspect of the mind, including logic, language, and emotion? What of the more brain-like, ...

 
Artificial Intelligence: A Philosophical Introduction
Presupposing no familiarity with the technical concepts of either philosophy or computing, this clear introduction reviews the progress made in AI since the inception of the field in 1956. Copeland ...

 
Superintelligence
Que se passera-t-il quand les machines surpasseront l’intelligence humaine  ? Les robots vont-ils nous sauver ou nous détruire  ?Isaac Asimov l’avançait dès 1942 avec ses trois lois de la ...